Teknologi dan Tool

Teknologi dan Tool
Keuntungan:
1. Meningkatkan produktivitas- melalui otomasi tugas-tugas
2. Meningkatkan kualitas-karena tool otomasi mengecek untuk kelengkapan, konsistensi, dan kontradiksi
3. Dokumentasi yang lebih baik dan konsisten-karenatool akan membuat lebih mudah membuat dan merangkai secara konsisten
4. Mengurangi umur perawatan
5. Metodologi yang benar-benar bekerja-melalui dukungan aturan-aturan yang pasti dan kepakaran yang built-in

Kelas Tool Otomasi:
1. Computer aided systems modeling/Computer assisted software engineering (CASE)
2. Application development environtment(ADE)
3. Project and process managers

CASE
- CASE tools menyediakan fondasi untuk mendefinisikan, mendesain, membangun, mengetes, mendokumentasikan serta mendukung sistem informasi dan produk software.
- CASE tools menyediakan mekanisme untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas informasi saat ini, mendefinisikan perubahan yang diajukan, memproduksi dan memvalidasi proses informasi baru yang fokus pada perubahan, yang akan meningkatkan kinerja dan operasi organisasi.

4 Alasan Menggunakan CASE
- Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas
- Memfasilitasi komunikasi diantara analis dan pengguna
- Menyediakan keberlanjutan diantara fasa siklus hidup
- Untuk menguji dampak dari pemeliharaan

CASE
- UpperCASE tools (disebut juga front-end CASE), biasanya melakukan desain dan analisa
- LowerCASE tools (disebut juga back-end CASE). Tool ini membuat source code bahasa komputer dari CASE design
- Integrated CASE tools (CASE terintegrasi), melakukan baik fungsi upper danlower dari CASE
- CASE repository adalah database system developers dimana developer dapat menyimpan model sistem, detil deskripsi dan spesifikasi, dan produk yang lain dari pengembangan sistem informasi. Disebut juga dictionary dan encyclopedia.
- Forward engineering kemampuan CASE tool yang secara otomatis membuat model sistem awal dari software atau kode database.
- Reverse engineering kemampuan CASE Tool yang membaca kode program dari suatu database, program aplikasi, dan atau user interface yang ada dan secara otomatis akan mengenerate model sistem yang ekuivalen

Upper-CASE
- Membuat dan memodifikasi desain sistem
- Menyimpan data didalam penampung(project repository)
- Penampung adalah kumpulan dari rekaman(records), elemen, diagram, layar(screens), laporan, dan proyek informasi yang lain
- CASE tools ini memodelkan keperluan organisasi da nmendefinisikan batasan sistem

Lower-CASE
•Lower CASE tools membuat source code komputer dari CASE design.
•Source code biasanya bisa dibuat didalam beberapa bahasa.



Diagraming Tools: digunakan untuk menggambar model sistem yang diperlukan atau direkomendasikan didalam metodologi pengembangan sistem. Biasanya bentuk pada satu model sistem dapat dihubungkan dengan model sistem yang lain untuk mendeskripsikan secara lebih detil.

Dictionary Tools:digunakan untuk merekam, menghapus, mengedit, dan mencetak detil spesifikasi dan dokumentasi. Deskripsi dapat diasosiasikan dengan bentuk yang nampak dari model sistem.

Desain Tools:dapat digunakan untuk membangun komponen sistem seperti masukan dan keluaran. Masukan dan keluaran ini dapat dihubungan dengan model sistem yang telah dideskripsi.

Quality Management Tools:Analisamodel sistem, deskripsi dan spesifikasi serta desain untuk kelengkapan, konsistensi, dan konfirmasi untuk diterima rule dari metodologi.

Documetation Tools: digunakan untuk merakit, mengatur, melaporkan pada model sistem, spesifikasi dan deskripsi, dan membuat prototipe-nya sehingga dapat direview oleh system owner, system userm system designer, dan system builder.

Design and Code Generator Tools: secara otomotasi mengenerate desain database dan program aplikasi atau porsi dari program itu.

Business Modeling(Functional Decomposition Model–FDD)
Data Modeling(Entity Relationship Model-ERD)
Process Modeling(Data Flow Diagram-DFD)
Object Modeling(Object Class Model)
– State Transition Model(Real Time Model)
– Product Model
– Activity Model
– Use Case Model
– SquenceModel
– Collaboration Model
– Library Model

CASE TOOL Populer
- ERWIN dariComputer Associates (CA)
- Orcale Designer dari Oracle
- System Architect dari Popkin
- Rational Rose dariIBM
- Visible Analyst dari Visible Sistem


Application development environments(ADE)
suatu tool pengembangan software yang terintegrasi yang menyediakan semua fasilitas yang diperlukan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi software baru dengan kecepatan yang tinggi dan berkualitas. Identik dengan integrated development environment(IDE). ADE membuat pemrograman menjadi mudah dan efisien. Banyak compiler bahasa pemrograman sekarang yang diintegrasikan kedalam ADE. Lingkungan pengembangan aplikasi(ADE) menyediakan sejumlah fasilitas manajemen produksi dan kualitas.

FItur ADE
- Bahasa pemrograman dan penerjemah(interpreter): Fitur debuging biasanya disediakan untuk membantu programer secara cepat mengidentifikasi dan memecahkan masalah pemrograman.
- Tool antar muka konstruksi.
- Membantu programer membangun secara cepat antar muka dengan menggunakan komponen library.
- Middleware
- Software yang membantu programer mengintegrasikan software yang sedang dibuat dengan bermacam-macam databases dan jaringan komputer.
- Testing tools.
- Digunakan untuk membuat dan mengeksekusi tes script yang dapat secara konsisten dan melakukan tes secar keseluruhan.
- Version control tools
- Membantu banyak tim programmer mengelola banyak versi program, baik selama pengembangan dan sesudah implementasi.
- Help authoring tools
- Digunakan untuk membantu menulis sistem help online, user manual dan online training
- Repository links
- Mengijinkan ADE untuk diintegrasikan dengan produk CASE tool

Software ADE
- IBM Websphere(Java)
- InpriseJ Builder (Java)
- Macromedia Cold Fusion
- Microsoft Visual Studio.net(VB.net, C#.net, C++.net)
- Oracle Developer
- Sybase Powerbuilder


Process & Project Managers Application
Process manager application adalah tool otomasi yang menolong mendokumentasikan dan mengatur suatu rute dan metodologi, yang dapat mengahasilkan standar manajemen yang berkualitas. Identik dengan methodware. Kegiatannya disebut dengan manajemen proses(Process management), yaitu suatu aktivitas yang mendefinisikan, meningkatkan, mengkoordniasikan suatu organisasi dari metodologi dan standarisasi yang dipilih untuk proyek pengembangan semua sistem.

Project manager application adalah tool otomasi untuk membantu aktivitas pengembangan rencana sistem(lebih diinginkan menggunakan yang disetujui), mengestimasi dan menunjuk sumber daya(meliputi biaya dan orang), aktivitas penjadwalan, monitor kemajuan terhadap jadwal dan anggaran(budget), kontrol dan memodifikasi jadwal dan sumberdaya, serta melaporkan kemajuan proyek.
Kegiatannya disebut dengan manajemen proyek(Project management), yaitu aktivitas dari definisi, perencanaan, mengarahkan, monitoring, dan mengontrol proyek untuk mengembangakan sistem yang dapat diterima didalama lokasi dan waktu yang tersedia.


Cukup Sekian Dulu ya,...
thank's for all

Metodologi Pengembangan Sistem Informasi

1. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
2. Structured Analysis and Design atau Model-driven
3. RAD(Rapid Application Development) atau Prototyping
4. Architected RAD
5. DSDM (Dynamic System Development)
6. JAD (Joint Application Development)
7. IE (Information Engineering)
8. RUP (Rational Unified Process)
9. eXtremeProgramming (XP)

1. System Development Life Cycle
SDLC adalah merupakan suatu metoda pengembangan sisteminformasi yang sudah dipergunakan selama beberapa dekade dan diterima secara luas didalam pendekatan terstruktur terhadap analisa dan desain sistem informasi modern. SDLC terlihat sebagai suatu proses yang skuensial(waterfall) dengan setiap langkah atau fasanya mempunyai awal yang definitif dan titik akhir. Namun demikian didalam kenyataannya, SDLC adalah merupakan proses yang iteratif(inkremental) dimana aktivitasnya dalam satu fasa dapat kembali kefasa sebelumnya untuk mengkoreksi atau menyaring informasi yang dikandungnya.




SDLC adalah pendekatan skematis untuk memecahkan problem bisnis dengan setiap langkah atau fasanya mempunyai aktivitas yang unik. SDLC terdiri dari beberapa fasa. Ada yang membaginya menjadi 6 fasa, 7 fasa dan8 fasa. Meskipun berbeda dalam jumlah langkah atau fasanya, namun ketiganya tidak berbeda karena ia tetap masih dalam 4 langkah proses pengembangan SI, yaitu system initiation, system analysis, system design dan system implementation.

- Fasa Pertama(Identifikasi-Inv)
Fasa ini dapat juga disebut sebagai fasa identifikasi atau investigasi. Problem bisnis yang muncul karena ada identifikasi dari kebutuhan terhadap sistem yang baru atau lebih modern atau karena situasi yang ada telah memberikan kesempatan bagi peningkatan dan re-desain terhadap satu atau lebih sistem yang ada, atau pun juga karena adanya kreasi dan integrasi terhadap sistem yang ada.

- Fasa Kedua(Analysis)
Fasa ini disebut juga dengan fasa analisa. Fasa ini meliputi studi yang menyeluruh dari organisasi yang bersangkutan meliputi prosesnya, prosedurnya, serta sistem yang diterapkan oleh organisasi tersebut. Pada fasa kedua ini kebutuhan awal ditentukan untuk sistem baru, model logik dari sistem yang sudah ada dikembangkan, dan hubungan diantara bermacam-macam sistem dan elemen datanya juga ditentukan. Pada akhirnya fasa ini akan menghadirkan proposal bagi pihak manajemen dari pemecahan terhadap problem yang telah didefinisikan secara spesifik dan digambarkan dari lingkungan yang berlaku.

- Fasa Ketiga(Logical Design)
Fasa ini model logik dari sistem yang sudah ada saat ini direvisi dan disaring untuk mengkoreksi sumber-sumber problema bisnis yang teridentifikasi dan untuk menentukan bahwa fungsi sistem baru yang diusulkan sesuai dengan diharapkan dan memenuhi obyektifitas dan kebutuhan yang ditentukan selama fasa analisa. Desain yang dibuat selama fasa ini disebut dengan implementasi yang independen, karena ia tidak terikat pada sistem software dan hardwarenya.

- Fasa Keempat(Physical Design)
Model logik yang terakhir dikonversikan kedalam spesifikasifisik yang mencakup
spesifikasi detil dari hardware, software, dan intruksi programming yang diperlukan untuk merubah sistem kedalam realitas. Isu-isu seperti data capture, proses spesifik dan output yang dibutuhkan ditentukan dan dikembangkan dalam fasa ini.

- Fasa Kelima(Implementasi)
Dalam fasa ini programmer mulai bekerja, dan merakit dan menginstalasi model fisik dari sistem yang dikerjakan. Akivitas didalam fasa ini meliputi testing dan instalasi final dari software dan hardware. Akhirnya, dalam fasa implementasi ini pengguna akhir akan ditraining untuk menggunakan sistem baru.

- Fasa Keenam(Evaluasi)
Meskipun sistem secara menyeluruh telah dianalisa, didesain, diuji, diinstal, pengguna kadang-kadang menemukan problem dengan sistem baru itu, atau menemukan sesuatu yang lebih baik untuk menyelesaikan suatu tugas dengan sistem itu. Dengan keadaan ini, maka diperlukan suatu fasaya itu fasa maintenance untuk memodifikasi sistem baru ini untuk keperluan pengkoreksian suatu problem yang tidak ditemukan selama uji final.

SDLC 6 langkah, 7 Langkah, 8 langkah




Matriks SDLC



Aktifitas dan Personil SDLC



Metodologi Pengembangan Sistem Informasi yang lainnya akan saya bahas di posting berikutnya ya,..
semoga bermanfaat,... :)

Process Information System

1. System-planning early initiation of a project to define the scope of business, objectives, schedule, and financial (funding sources)
2. System-analysis to learn the domain of business problems and to recommend improvements to the business needs and priorities for solutions.
3. System-specification, design or construction of a technical, computer-based breakthrough for the needs of the business needs identified by a system analyst.
4. Implementation-system construction, installation, testing, delivery system into production.

Technology Driver

1. Network and the Internet.
2. Mobile and Wireless technology.
3. Object Technology.
4. Technology Collaboration.
5. Apilkasi Enterprise
6. etc.

Business Driver
1. Economic globalization.
2. eBusiness and eCommerce.
3. Privacy and security.
4. Partnership and collaboration.
5. Knowledge asset management.
6. The increase is sustainable.
7. TQM (Total Quality Management)
8. Binis Process Redesign (BPR)

Commandment ethical computer use

1. Do not use the computer to press people.
2. Mengintervensi computer does not work other people.
3. No record of other computer files.
4. Do not use computers for theft.
5. Do not use the computer to the desire that one.

6. No copying computer programs that became the property of others without pay.
7. Do not use a computer without the other person get otorisasinya.
8. Do not print the intellectual property of the person.
9. Think of the consequences of the social programs we design and write.
10.Menggunakan computer to the interests of good for people.

Executors Information System

1. Information workers are workers who work or jobnya consists of creating (creation), collecting (collection), processing (processing), circulation (distribution), and(using) the information.
2. Knowledge workers are part of the information workers who are responsible, especially based on the knowledge.
3. System owners, is the sponsor of information systems and executive advisor, is usually responsible for funding the project developed, operated and maintained a system of information. He also set the vision and priorities of the system. He saw the information in terms of costs and benefits (cost and benefits) to resolve the problem and exploit the opportunity.

4. System-users are "customers" who will be affected by the use or the use of the general system of information-capture (Capturing), testing (validating), including (Entering), said (Responding), store (storing), and exchange (exchanging) information and data. He saw the information system functionality as a provider of jobs, easy to learn or use.
There are two types of system users (customers), namely:
1.Internal users (from the user)
- Clericaland service workers
Do most of the transactions from day kehari (day-to-day) of a business. They memprosesorder, invoices, payments, and the like.
- Technical and professional staff
These are the lawyers, accountants, engineers, scientists, market analysts, designers, ad and stastitik specialist. Because of their work based on the knowledge that the restrictions are clearly defined, they are sometimes called professional workers (knowledge It). Information system that has targeted this category focus on the analysis of data for the purpose of solving problems.
- Supervisors, middle managers, executives and managers
Is the decision-making. Supervisor maintain in solving day to day decision making. Middle managers focus on solving tactical (short-term), while the executive managers more attention to strategic planning (long-term).
- Remote and mobile users

2.External users (Users from outside)
- Customer
Organizations or individuals who buy our products and services.
- Supplier
Organization, which the company about buying raw materials / raw materials and supplies.
- Partner
Organizations which companies we buy services.
- Employee
Workers who work from home or running (for example sales representative who usually spends most of the time)

5. System Designer
System Designer is a specialist-technology for information systems. System designers are the people who translate the needs and limitations of business users. He was designing a computer data base, input, output, display, networking, and software that will meet the needs of system users.
- Administrator Data bases

Specialists in data base technology, which is usually designing and coordinating changes to the data base company.
- Architect Network
Specialists in technology and telecommunications network design, install, configure, optimize, and support both the local network, wide area, including connections to the Internet and outside the network.
- Web architects
Specialists are designing a web site for the complex organization, including public web site to the Internet, the web site's internal (intranet) and extranet web site (private business to business).
- Artistic Graph
Relatively new in the world of IT work. Specialists who use the method and technology for designing a graphical interface and create (PC, web smath phones, and handheld devices) the system easy to use.
- Security experts
Methodology and technology specialists who usually convince the network and data security.
- Technology Specialist
Specialists in the application or the specific technology that will be used in the system (for example a commercial software package or special hardware specific)

6. System Builders, is a specialist techniques that build information systems based on the design specifications made by the system Designers. He saw the information system as a real work of harware and software for implementing the system.
- Application programmers
Specialist convert the business needs and problems of the statement (problem statement) and procedures into computer language. They build and test a computer program to capture and store the data and put and call for computer applications.
- System programmers
Specialists who build, test and implement operating system-level software, utility, service.
- Data base programmers
Specialists in language and technology data base that create, modify, and test the structure of the data base and used the program and to protect it.
- Network administrator
Specialists are designing, installing, seeking solutions (Troubleshooting), to optimize the network computer.
- Security Administrator
Specialists are designing, installing, seeking solutions (Troubleshooting), and manage security and privacy controls in the network.
- Webmaster
Specialists who create code and maintain web server.
- Software integrator
Specialist software packages that integrate with hardware, Networkless, and other software packages.

7. Analyst-Systems is a specialist who studies the problems and needs an organization to determine how people, data, process and technology can provide the best solution for the business.
- Programmer / Analyst (Analyst / Programmers) encompasses accountability both computer programmers and systems Analyst.
- Business Analyst only focus on non-technical aspects of systems analysis and design




System analysts as a problem-solver has the task:
- Allow the problems that occur, whether real or not, that need correction action.
- The opportunity to improve the situation, although there is no complaint.
- Refers to the situation said that someone has to do complain.

Membership of a System Analyst
- Knowledge of how to work in information technology
- Expertise and experience of computer programming (in the language tingat high)
- Knowledge of general business
- Expertise of problem solving in general
- The ability to communicate between individuals who either (orally or in writing)
- Expertise of a relationship between the individual (to handle the conflict)
- Flexibility and the ability to adapt
- Having ethics and good character

Product Information System

1. TPS
TPS is the information system that automatically captures (capture) and recording information about transactions that occur during the process of running the business. This information system support routines. Polling stations is a type of system information that most parents. System point-of-sale that often we see direstauran Italy and departemenstore is an example of the TPS

2. MIS
MIS is an information system that provides information for the management, especially the task manager for planning, management and control operations, based on:
-The report is not routine (on-demand/ad-hoc).
-The report can be tapped more (Drill-down): a report that showed a high level of detail
The report, with key indicators. Reports summarizing the performance of critical activities.
-Report comparison. Reports that compare the performance of different business units or poriode different times.
-Report exceptions.

3. DSS
DSS is an information system that helps to identify opportunities in making decisions or provide information to help make decisions. Computer-based information systems that combine data and models to solve the problems of structured or not structured with the broad involvement of users.





4. ES
ES is a system that captures information expertise (expertise) from the workers and then mensimulasikannya be useful bagipekerja workers of non-experts.

5. OAS
(OAS) is an information system that supports much of the business office (business office activities) for improving the work flow (work flow) among workers.



Kolerasi SI

Benefits of information systems for the Company

Improve the profitability of the business
Reduce the operational cost of business
Increase market share for the sale of products
Improve relations with customers
Improve the efficiency of the company
Increase the speed of decision-making
Reduce errors that may occur
Improve security
Obtain production capacity greater

INFORMATION SYSTEM
SYSTEM
Hall and Fagen (1956): defines the system is a collection of elements that interact each other that a total of teintegrasi. City, cells, and the body is an example of the system. Likewise, automobiles, computers and washing machines are also a system. Formally, the system can be defined as a collection of elements of each other, with boundaries (Boundary), which can be identified, which work together to achieve a common goal.

From this definition can be seen that there are 3
important components of the system:
1.Elements of each other (interrelasi)
2.The existence of restrictions (Boundary)
3.The existence of a common goal

Inter-relations
Interrelasi concept suggests that the elements of the system is not sufficiently free (interdependen). In other words, if one element of a system failure or does not work, he will affect some or all the other elements of the system. These elements are often called subsystems, which work together to achieve the goal or object of the system.

Boundary
Boundary concept, the limit, suggests that the system can be defined within the context of all the systems and other limitations that can be defined by a virtual who have clear limits. Furthermore, the existence of the Boundary cause that elements in the system should include, and the elements that are not included in the limits of the system that is meant a system is not part of the system.

Purpose
The third concept is the purpose of the public. Goal or purpose of a system is very easy, the reason is to be used. If the system does not have a reason not because he has a function or can not provide the functionality needed, the purpose of a system is not important, and the system is needed again.

Type System
System often associated with a closed system or a stable system mekanistik. Some systems rarely interact with the environment with the purpose or to receive input to output. As a consequence, the closed system tends to operate in assesses without explaining routine and high, and environmental changes do not tend to have a material effect on it. An example of this is a closed system terrarium. One of the important characteristics of this system is that it can survive by itself (self-sustaining).
The system also often called open system or organic Adaptive system. In this category, entities that are both internally and externally is important. The system tends to be less open and less structured operational systems such as in closed. Furthermore, the variations of interaction with other components and one with the environment, although probabalistik, constantly changing and less able diprediski from the closed system. Characteristics of any openly that he is able to adapt to changes in both internal and external. Although not perfect, two examples of a system open interest for a systems analyst is oraganisasi business and information systems.

Information
Is that information? Information is a collection of the data that is processed / processed, which can be understood to be used in decision making. While the data itself is something that has not been organized and processed so it can not yet be understood. Data can be a fact of the accident.