Artificial Intelligence

Definition of Artificial
Artificial intelligence is the science of computer-related how the intelligence to understand the characteristics and build the computer system. Capable of intelligent action. In two goals, namely to increase the understanding of basic science and make a computer more sophisticated in serving human needs.

Many activities involving action intelligent problem-solving, perception, learning, planning and other symbolic learning, natural language and others, and many phenomena, a phenomenon that is very knowledgeable other. The reasoning of this phenomenon, a phenomenon shared by many other science disciplines such as psychology, linguistics and philosophy of the mind to complete the field of artificial intelligence. Initial point of artificial intelligence is the ability of computers to manipulate symbolic expression that can represent all forms of objects, including knowledge about the structure and function of objects and people in the world, beliefs and goals, scientific theory, and the program from the computer itself.

Artificial intelligence focuses on the symbolic representations of knowledge and a method of heuristik Reasoning, the use of assumptions and rules of the general "rule of thumbs." Two examples of the problems are made in the kecerdasaan is planning how a robot or a person can up the complex equipment, or move from one place to another, and the characteristics of the diagnosis of a disease. In two cases this Reasoning with a description of symbolic more dominant than the calculation process.

The artificial intelligence researchers are experimentally generally with little improvement in theoretical mathematics. Like other experimental science, ITI build the device (in this case a computer program) to run the experimental investigation. The program was created to explore new ideas about how intelligent action can be done, is also being developed to test the hypothetical concepts and mechanisms that involve the intelligent behavior.

Basics of artificial intelligence is divided into: representations, the method of problem solving, architecture and knowledge. To complete a job, a computer must have representation in the internal memory, for example, the description of the symbolic move of space robots, or a group of features that someone mendeskribsikan disease. Also includes representatives of all knowledge, including the basic program, to test and measurement structure and all the programs to change the structure into a form that is more appropriate for certain purposes. Changing representations to a case can bring big difference to the problems that can not be solved a problem that can be solved.

After the representation of a given task / problem, a method must be adopted to complete the task. Artificial gradually build method of splitting a group of relevant (weak methods) are applied in general.

The important feature of all methods is weak pengaplikasian "search" or search. One of the generalizations that appear in the artificial intelligence techniques are always present in the serach all actions smart. In the worst cases, the search is done "Nora search." In the search heuristik no additional information provided during the search.

Some type of weak methods, among other things: generate and test (a possible candidate, every candidate on the test to search for a solution); hills haha (a measure of progress is used for each step); means the end analysis (the difference between the situation now with the desired results are used to the next step), resolution of impasse (the inability to take steps to subtujuan possible); planning with abstraction (simplified problems, solved, the solution is used to resolve the problem indeed) and matching (the current situation depicted in the form of a scheme to be in that situation want to combine 2, a condition that nature).

Smart Agent-person or program has many ways to represent and problems associated with these agents. What is also needed is the architecture or in the operational framework that can be selected and implement these activities. Often called the executive structure or control structure that is best seen as one unity as in the overall architecture of computer architecture, machinery, which provides data structure, operations on the structure of the data, memory to store data structure, the structure of the operation accesses data from memory, a programming language to describe the pattern of the integrated operation of the conditional and interpreters to run the program. No one architecture and raw materials had the same questions that often appear as the architecture is what is most suitable for intelligent agents in general.

In artificial intelligence, the basic paradigm of intelligent action in the search space is limited solutions (called the problem space) for the purpose of which is expected. Each step offers several possibilities, to the possibility of steps that is represented in the form of "tree". This search then called kombinasional or exponentially. For example, if there are 10 possibilities for action in a situation, and the 12 steps necessary to achieve one goal then there will be 10 12 possible sequence of steps in a search tree (search tree). What makes the search can be is the knowledge, which suggest how to vote or narrow the choices each step. So the thinking is fundamentally represents the knowledge of how the memory can be made possible so that relevant search.

An intelligent agent will have a number of extraordinary knowledge. This raised a major problem that others, namely to find the relevant knowledge can be represented as progress or improvement efforts to find solutions. Although this is not mengikutkan explosion kombinatorial characteristics of the problems in the search space, this may take a long and difficult. But the data base that contains knowledge (often called a knowledge base) can be carefully designed to match the architecture to create an efficient search. Knowlwdge base with this problem that involved in the case penkodean and kases blend into a system in the past smart.

One example is a computer application intelligent perception. Perception is the formation of the sensor signals, from the internal representations that are suitable for processing smart. Although there are many types of signals from the sensors, computer perception has been focused on the "vision" and "specch." Perception seems to vary with intelligence, because it involves the distribution of energy that varies continuously to the time before in the form of symbolic interpretation. But all the ingredients present artificial intelligence: representation, search, architecture and knowledge. Speech Perception begins with the acoustic waves from the human voice and continue with the internal representations of what the speech issued by the sound human being. A representation is used, digitizing the acoustic waves into the array intensity, the establishment of several quantitative parameters set for the intensity, frequency, resonance characteristics tapeworm of sound), a phonem, a line of words, grammar structure and ultimately the structure that represents the semantics of data that represent the sentence meaning a voice behind.

One subset of the artificial intelligence system called experts try to solve a problem with collecting and expert knowledge that is owned by a specialist. Many businesses have applied artificial intelligence in the field of health, governance and social issues that are significant other in the form of expert systems. Although penekannya on knowledge, all the ingredients present standards.

System Specialists have been splash in the understanding of the important things Reasoning in uncertainty, as a result of Reasoning, Reasoning about knowledge and acceptance of the computer system in the world of work. It is not clear that there is a distinction between pure and artificial intelligence applied, find what is needed for intelligent action in the area applied a complex, which contribute significantly to the knowledge base.
History precedes the development of artificial intelligence engine that computer first. In the general level, intelligence has become the subject of the learning philosophy for 2,000 years. At the level of computing, a mathematician Alan Turing developed a framework buata intelligence in the computer era, analogues.
During the official definition is still a debate, Artificial usually regarded as a branch of computer science that focuses on the behavior of intelligent automation. Artificial intelligence from the intention is to develop a system that has the ability to receive and study, to address the commonly mentioned physical tasks, and mengemulasi human decision making. Artificial designing and developing intelligent agents at the same time working to understand how agents are smart. Currently the main areas of intelligence buata include:
1. English Nature (Natural Language): risetiriset focus on the problems associated with natural language interface, machine translation, the understanding of oral language and so on.
2. System experts (Expert System): No solution in general is examined, but the expertise is used to determine the issues on which specific areas of work such as diagnosis, planning, prediction and so forth.
3. Cognition and Learning: the investigations are being made to the model of thinking, learning and problem solving
4. Computer Vision: Many businesses that are being made to develop the principles and machine vision algorithms and interpret visual data.
5. automatic deduction: This field related to the resolution of problems, proving the theory and logic programming.

Basics Artificial
The term Artificial (AI-Artificial Intelligence) used in 1956, the formal name for the work that has been developed selamam 5-6 the previous year. Individuals and organizations have a great interest in developing Artificial Intelligence, with several main reasons, including:
1. To preserve the expertise when the experts are not available
2. To create the base knoeledge organized so that others can learn from solving problems in the past that success.
3. To help the decision-making consistent in evaluating the problem more complex

Multiagen system recently has become the mainstay of research in Artificial Intelligence. This was triggered by the awareness that intelligence collection can be reflected by the behavior of a large number of very simple interaction of a number of agents in a community. This agent can be a computer, the software module or any object that can understand the environment and continue to how to achieve a rational goal.
Various types of discipline has influenced the development of the science of artificial intelligence, including philosophy (logic), mathematics (algorithms), psychological (kognisi), engineering (hardware and software computer) and linguistic (knowledge representation and processing of natural language).

I think enough to be a discussion about artificial intelligence, we will probably go in another time ..
Hopefully this useful for what ..
success is always yes, ...

Custom Ghana co.cc and gmail

Finally, long after the setting of this domain can be successful. The first I do is redirect the address of this blog with the new address is www.c4turla.co.cc tolerably free, although you ..!

www.co.cc have features that tolerably complete for a domain, a feature that is owned, among other settings, and DNS Redirects web address or URL. DNS disetting this, we can create an email address or as we like, for example, we use a google mail (gmail), the email address we certainly namakamu@gmail.com or if the result means that the use yahoo or namakamu@yahoo.com co.id or yahoo new to @ @ ymail and rocketmail, but with the rock of this domain, we can change our email addresses. This example of an email that I have I colors using the domain co.cc and gmail is screenshotnya:



what the results tolerably cool tar my email address so we can namakamu@webkamu.co.cc I have my results ryo@c4turla.co.cc. I could have absorbed the email my own ..!
oh no, I like the first list of the domain you just click on the www.co.cc disini completed the list of your settings and combine with google though the results above. if you want to request that you please comment tutorialnya just below the next opportunity, if I write full tutorialnya, okay!

If the first of hopefully be useful for all, remember keep learning while there is time!

Setting Dial-Up Connection in Ubuntu

Dial-up access is a form of Internet access through a client that uses a modem to connect to the computer and a connection to the phone calls to Internet service provider (ISP) node to create a modem-to-modem link, which is then directed to the Internet.

Most ISPs provide dial-up connections because of the PPP supports fast and efficient to use the protocol / IP over serial lines.PPP designed for two-way network; TCP / IP protocol provides for the transportation of data.

PPP (Point to Point Protocol) to use some of the components in the system, the first is called the daemon pppd, the use of PPP.Kedua, the driver called the high-level data link control (HDLC), the flow of information between the two machines. The third component of PPP is a routine called chat, which quickly end the connection for you when you want it to.

Configuring Dial-Up Connection in Ubuntu
Ubuntu contains some useful tools to get a dial-up connection is how you can connect to your dialup connection

1) Using the network of your choice in Ubuntu

2) using the gnome-ppp

3) using kppp (For Kubuntu)

4) use wvdialconf & wvdial

5) using pppconfig & pounds / poff

the first thing you need to make sure you have installed the modem driver or not.If you want more information about the modem driver in the Ubuntu installation and check here
now we will see 3 ways bagaimanacara configure dialup connection in ubuntu

Before Starting

Before configuring dial-up connection you must have the following information from your ISP

1) Username 1) The user name

2) Password 2) Password

3) Dail-in number 3) Dail-in number

Configuration using Dial-Up Networking connection options

You can go to the System-> Administration -> Network


Then open the application you will see the following screen



In the picture above select select a connection -> modem connection continue to select propeties



The first thing you need to do is to enable connection with the Enable this connection box, now you need to enter the ISP's phone number and your username and password



Next, click on the tab modem to determine the details about your modem and also configure the volume sound.Most systems using tone phone call at this time, so make sure this is selected. I have chosen the volume on the media.



Now you need to click on the options tab If you use a laptop, you will probably want to turn off the modem Set as default route to the Internet while you are in the LAN, if you can see the struggle for any Tick when you expect to use your dial-up, although connection, and Ubuntu will use this connection to outgoing necessary to Internet.You to select two other options are checked



Now you can use Gnome Modem Monitor and Network Monitor panel if you want to stop, start and monitor the modem connection.

Advanced dial-up connection and socially constructed using pppconfig configuration will be written in the next article.

Color manipulation Classic

On Thursday, more precisely 22:30 hours, ... I try to open the YM. As always find friends who were invited to chat. Have a friend who again Online, a friend ... far from the regions of West Java showed P.

Chat about the many activities, on a topic of discussion about Adobe Photoshop. I ask for my provided few tricks about Photoshop, because I had to give a little fruit works he created the form Fhoto him that I edit. Simple's not too much of this is fantasy. Just exercise also sharing knowledge. Recently distances, I about to post it on my blog, long time ... but I do not blog posts.

I direct, here, we will create a simple little effect. Ie with the color image into black and white with certain objects remain in its original colors, plus a few classic effects.

sebelum

Sesudah

• The first is what we should do is, of course, has a program called Adobe Photoshop. It is what's version. But that is the version I use Adobe Photoshop Cs3, no difference was with the previous variants. Only in terms of design tools and what I interfacenya that there are few changes. But all the same functions.

• It is of course open the program ,.... select fhoto which will be in the edit. sampale as I use fhoto Rossi ...

• If the color has not shown that in accordance with the hearts desire, we can set the level of contrast through the menu Imag> Adjustments> Level I (Ctrl + L)

Atur level warna

• If appropriate, please save these fhoto and close the fhoto. This is done to restore the History that we have created.
• If you have, go back images that have been customized color was.

• Copy the image by left-click drag on the menu layer in the lower right corner.

• If you feel difficult, please select the menu Layer> Duplicate Layer> Ok
• Easy, so ... do not loose it. Further back, after the copy layer is done. Please return to the menu Image> Adjustments> Hue / saturation .... or (Ctrl + U)


• lower level of saturation is -100 to change the color image into black and white. And OK


• After that, please select the tool History Brush Tool (Y) in the tool box on the left tab.


• Already ,...... we start deh now to restore the color image from the beginning and let the other areas remain in the black and white.
  

• Please set your own size Brush used in accordance with the heart to click right, to do with patience and caution. Make sure the smallest area can be affordable, ...

• If you are, ... the copy back the layers in a way that was mentioned above. Easy going ,....


• Continue again. Now we have a picture can be rough. Living spruce seem to be more interesting. Select the menu Filter> Blur> Gaussian Blur ..


• Please set the level of 10.0 pixels to blur and OK


• Lower level Fill blur on the menu was available on Counten layer below the right corner. Lower up to 68%. This is not a benchmark because every picture has a different layout colors. be set according to fill the desire, until quite recently.

• in the picture above the caption deliberately given the tools to be used so that not too many pictures. I whacked the audition later ,.... you also weary ,.... all but certain that the guarantor can smell ,....
• Drag the first breath ,.... Ok ,.... more information on the content layer, please select the menu was creat new fill or adjustment layer> Coler Balance

• please set the intensity of the color changes according to the desired taste ,....

• If you have, well ... ,.... color changed ,.... objects we have also changed, but do not worry ... we can restore the color again with the History Brush Tool (Y) yesterday. and then back to the stage was obtained in the desired image.
• You can also set the Contras on the menu "Creat new fill or adjustment layer" in the content layer
• But if enough is at this stage, please save the file in the JPG format.

How, easy ... all, the basis of all ... this is our fidelity n-smart almost manipulate layer. But the key is high and the imaginations of patience is. I do not even know enough ** image that we want to edit even damaged. hope you do not happen like that.

Not because I have many bank, the finger ... I know finger fatigue, ... buttocks also felt cling to the floor. Tips n Tricks Hopefully this can be useful for all ... Yes, if you say it is not enough, but ... a name that must be learned from the self so please develop your own smell ,.... still many ways a more powerful from I give. If there is more knowledge then do not forget to for-in for.
I also look forward to the knowledge of all that you read so exchange knowledge. My friends and I showed that I, hopefully these tips can help. I can help just contact, I am ready to help ,.....^-^